June 2025

Fel Tauri, derived from ox bile, has been traditionally used as a purgative to prevent putrefaction in the intestines and enhance peristalsis (intestinal movement). It was sometimes administered alongside Opium to counteract its constipating effects. However, in the stomach, bile acts as a foreign substance, causing precipitation of pepsin (a digestive enzyme) and leading to […]

Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder or biliary tree, consisting primarily of cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile salts. Their development is influenced by metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors. Gallstones are often mobile, but if they block the cystic duct, they can lead to biliary colic—a painful condition due to bile flow obstruction. Prolonged

Mucous colitis is a common gastrointestinal disorder affecting bowel movement regulation (motility) and sensitivity (hypersensitivity). It is characterized by: Abdominal pain Bloating Mucus in stools Irregular bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between both) Symptoms are typically chronic and fluctuate over time. Causes The exact cause is unknown, but factors that may trigger episodes include: